Twelfth Schedule · Article 243W
Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities
Added by the 74th Amendment, 1992. Enumerates 18 subjects on which State Legislatures may endow Municipalities with the powers and authority necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government in urban areas.
The 18 subjects
- 1Urban planning including town planning.
- 2Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings.
- 3Planning for economic and social development.
- 4Roads and bridges.
- 5Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.
- 6Public health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management.
- 7Fire services.
- 8Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects.
- 9Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and mentally retarded.
- 10Slum improvement and upgradation.
- 11Urban poverty alleviation.
- 12Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens and playgrounds.
- 13Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.
- 14Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds and electric crematoriums.
- 15Cattle pounds; prevention of cruelty to animals.
- 16Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths.
- 17Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences.
- 18Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries.
Source: Constitution of India, Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. Reproduced under s.52(1)(q), Copyright Act 1957. Where entries have been abridged for readability, the authoritative text remains the official version.